Evidence of Models performance
The trans theoretical model was created in the 1980's, and since then it has been implemented in Fortune 500 companies, health insurers, pharmaceutical companies, school districts, universities, disease management companies, U.S. government agencies, and more. In many cases, it has been proven to be very effective.. This model is very versatile and it can be used in a variety of settings. This is what makes the model so popular and effective.. Due to the fact that the model is tailored to the individual going through the stages at their own pace, it is something that has been proven to be effective with individuals growing in an organization, team or for their personal needs. The model focuses on the individual, but can be applied to large populations of people. This is what makes it such an attractive tool to use.
Quitting Smoking: In 2008, in a study funded by the National Instatute of Health Research, as well as West Midlends in the United Kingdom. Researches used the TTM, to evaluate its effectiveness in behavioral change resulting in smoking cessation. 2471 UK adult smokers were used in the survey, with the study lasting a total of 12 months. The participants were evaluated and scored with a test before the program as well as after the 12 month period. In this study, they did not see a significant change in quitting of smoking of the participants. Unfortunately, the study was not as successful as they had hoped. One hypothesis is that participants had trouble getting past the precontimplation/contemplation stages, and did not have the power to get rid of the bad habit. The stages of the TTM model, did not have an added positive influence on the participants.
Project Match: In a study retrieved from the National Institute of Health; The TTM model was implemented in a University of Connecticut study in 1989, to identify drinking related outcomes in chocoholics. The study used 673 outpatient, and 510 aftercare clients in order to collect the data. They then recorded the two groups based on thier cognitive and behavioral change throughout the program, for a duration of 12 months. Researchers then investigated three types of treatments currently used on the participants. These treatments included Cognitive Coping skills therapy, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, and the 12 step facilitation program. In concultion of the study, they found that that the trans theoretical model worked quite well, due to the fact that participants were able to progress at their own pace through the steps of the program. They also found that while using the model, they didn't feel the need to match participants up with one of the three programs specifically. Participants could choose what they wanted to do, and how they were going to progress. Using the TTM with the programs that were already set in place proved to be very effective. This study helped to find alternative ways to deal with those being treated for alcoholism and other drug related disorders. In this model, they did not use a control group for the study. If they would have, it would have given more credibility to the study, due to the fact that they can compare the TTM group to the control group.
source: http://www.commed.uchc.edu/match/
Cochrane Obesity Study: A 2011 study conducted by the Cochrane Medoblic and Endocrine Disorders group out of Dussledorf, Germany, used the TTM to evaluate dietary and physical activity modification for weight loss of overweight and obese participants. They used the TTM to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, in order to get study participants to change their nutritional and exercise habits, as well as observe to see if the model produced sustainable results. In the obeservation, they used five different studies consisting of 3910 participants. The lenth of these studies ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. In conclusion, the researches noticed that intervening in both exercise and diet, had significant positive effects on the participants. Those who changed only diet, or only increasing physical activity, did not get close to the same results as those that intervened on both. In the Cochrane case, they observed that this model may be more effective if used with other strategies currently.
source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975777
CDC Chronic Disease Study: In 2004, The Center for Disease Control complied a study using the trans theoretical model in order to assess chronic diseases in the United States, in order to find out what we can do to prevent them, and lower the rates in our country. As of 2004, 40% of all deaths in the United States resulted from high risk behaviors that individuals engaged in. The study used several of internet resources, so that participants could easily access health information. The use of the internet proved to be effective, since the information was the tip of peoples fingers instead of having to go out and obtain the information. The study concluded that if health information is more easily available to the individual, then they have a greater chance of success, than those who have to obtain the information from other sources. The TTM, was successful online, due to the fact that participants could walk themselves thorough the program step by step
source: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/oct/04_0070.htm
Nurse/Patient Study: This study was conducted in 2007, and published in the January 2007 issue of the Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. This study was conducted to assess how primary care nurses can assist patients towards healthier lifestyles. A challenge as a health care provider, is to assist in a patients need to get better as well as improving their own well being. Implementing this model through this study in the health care field proved to be very successful. Nurses frequently struggle finding ways to encourage patients to get better and change their behaviors in order to increase their quality of life. This is something the patient has to do on their own, no matter how hard the nurse tries. The implementation of the TTM in this study proved to be very effective, since the steps allow the healthcare providers to assess the patients readiness to get better and change their lifestyle.,
source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214862
Quitting Smoking: In 2008, in a study funded by the National Instatute of Health Research, as well as West Midlends in the United Kingdom. Researches used the TTM, to evaluate its effectiveness in behavioral change resulting in smoking cessation. 2471 UK adult smokers were used in the survey, with the study lasting a total of 12 months. The participants were evaluated and scored with a test before the program as well as after the 12 month period. In this study, they did not see a significant change in quitting of smoking of the participants. Unfortunately, the study was not as successful as they had hoped. One hypothesis is that participants had trouble getting past the precontimplation/contemplation stages, and did not have the power to get rid of the bad habit. The stages of the TTM model, did not have an added positive influence on the participants.
Project Match: In a study retrieved from the National Institute of Health; The TTM model was implemented in a University of Connecticut study in 1989, to identify drinking related outcomes in chocoholics. The study used 673 outpatient, and 510 aftercare clients in order to collect the data. They then recorded the two groups based on thier cognitive and behavioral change throughout the program, for a duration of 12 months. Researchers then investigated three types of treatments currently used on the participants. These treatments included Cognitive Coping skills therapy, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, and the 12 step facilitation program. In concultion of the study, they found that that the trans theoretical model worked quite well, due to the fact that participants were able to progress at their own pace through the steps of the program. They also found that while using the model, they didn't feel the need to match participants up with one of the three programs specifically. Participants could choose what they wanted to do, and how they were going to progress. Using the TTM with the programs that were already set in place proved to be very effective. This study helped to find alternative ways to deal with those being treated for alcoholism and other drug related disorders. In this model, they did not use a control group for the study. If they would have, it would have given more credibility to the study, due to the fact that they can compare the TTM group to the control group.
source: http://www.commed.uchc.edu/match/
Cochrane Obesity Study: A 2011 study conducted by the Cochrane Medoblic and Endocrine Disorders group out of Dussledorf, Germany, used the TTM to evaluate dietary and physical activity modification for weight loss of overweight and obese participants. They used the TTM to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, in order to get study participants to change their nutritional and exercise habits, as well as observe to see if the model produced sustainable results. In the obeservation, they used five different studies consisting of 3910 participants. The lenth of these studies ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. In conclusion, the researches noticed that intervening in both exercise and diet, had significant positive effects on the participants. Those who changed only diet, or only increasing physical activity, did not get close to the same results as those that intervened on both. In the Cochrane case, they observed that this model may be more effective if used with other strategies currently.
source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975777
CDC Chronic Disease Study: In 2004, The Center for Disease Control complied a study using the trans theoretical model in order to assess chronic diseases in the United States, in order to find out what we can do to prevent them, and lower the rates in our country. As of 2004, 40% of all deaths in the United States resulted from high risk behaviors that individuals engaged in. The study used several of internet resources, so that participants could easily access health information. The use of the internet proved to be effective, since the information was the tip of peoples fingers instead of having to go out and obtain the information. The study concluded that if health information is more easily available to the individual, then they have a greater chance of success, than those who have to obtain the information from other sources. The TTM, was successful online, due to the fact that participants could walk themselves thorough the program step by step
source: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/oct/04_0070.htm
Nurse/Patient Study: This study was conducted in 2007, and published in the January 2007 issue of the Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. This study was conducted to assess how primary care nurses can assist patients towards healthier lifestyles. A challenge as a health care provider, is to assist in a patients need to get better as well as improving their own well being. Implementing this model through this study in the health care field proved to be very successful. Nurses frequently struggle finding ways to encourage patients to get better and change their behaviors in order to increase their quality of life. This is something the patient has to do on their own, no matter how hard the nurse tries. The implementation of the TTM in this study proved to be very effective, since the steps allow the healthcare providers to assess the patients readiness to get better and change their lifestyle.,
source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214862